Essential tremor - Ultrasound thalamotomy
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Service detail
Transcranial magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for treatment of essential tremor (tcMRgFUS/Focused Ultrasound).
Essential Tremor is a disorder of the brain which is characterised by uncontrolled shaking of the hands and occasionally, the head which is caused by disordered neural circuits in the brain. Approximately 1 million people suffer with essential tremor in Britain. Essential tremor is extremely disruptive to quality of life, affecting simple but important daily tasks such as handwriting, eating and drinking etc. and often causes severe psychological distress to the sufferer and their family. Medications are effective in controlling tremors in only around half of the patients and only a minority of patients are eligible for or prefer deep brain stimulation surgery for treatment.
In June 2018, NICE approved the use of a novel treatment called Transcranial MRI guided Focused Ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) for treatment for essential tremor and this is incisionless brain surgery where ultrasound waves are used.
What is MR Guided focused ultrasound treatment?
Most people are familiar with ultrasound scans being used to “see” structures inside the body including unborn babies inside the womb. These same sound waves are applied in focused ultrasound (FUS) to deliver packets of energy to the brain to treat tremors. This technology uses multiple sound waves at a high frequency focused in on one spot deep within the brain. The multiple sound waves intersect at a point in the brain, guided by MRI scan images, where it generates heat and causes very targeted thermal damage to an area in the brain called the thalamus, the result of which is improvement in tremors .The advantage of this procedure is that FUS harnesses the power of ultrasound waves to reach deep brain regions without the need for cutting into the skull or the brain as is usual in brain surgery.
What happens during the procedure?
During the procedure, a special head frame is fitted to the patient’s head with local anaesthetic. This will attach to a focused ultrasound helmet that helps to hold the patient’s head still during the procedure. Once the frame is fitted, the patient is moved into an operating theatre with an MRI suite (magnetic resonance imaging) where they will move in and out of the MRI scanner so that real-time, accurate targeting of the correct region can be undertaken and based on the images, ultrasound waves are focussed on to the brain in a targeted way to induce thermal damage. Even though the procedure involves no incision or drilling, it does result in thermal damage to an area of the brain called thalamus. Patients are fully awake during the procedure, interacting with the medical team as they assess progress in reducing tremor throughout the process. In addition, the target can be adjusted if the patient reports any side effects . Although the process takes several hours(4-6 hours typically), the benefits can be felt immediately. Patients are usually able to go home the same day or the day after. Most return to activities of normal life within several days.
Who is eligible for this treatment?
Currently this is licensed to treat a condition called Essential Tremors. Patients with other forms of tremors are not eligible for this treatment at this point. The treatment is only undertaken in one half of the brain and so will only provide relief from tremors on one side of the body.
Who cannot have this treatment?
Patients should be able to have MRI scans safely to undergo this procedure. Patients who have pacemakers even if they are MRI compatible cannot undergo the procedure at this point. Patients with dementia or other severe memory problems, gait problems or speech impediments are unable to have this procedure safely and if you are referred for the procedure, you will be carefully screened for such contraindications before undergoing the procedure.
Patients who are on blood thinners will need to temporarily stop the treatment before undergoing the procedure.
What are the common side effects?
Temporary or permanent neurologic deficits can occur following treatment. It is very common for patients to feel dizziness or pressure inside the head during the treatment and this is short lived. Side effects which can occur after the procedure can include walking disturbances , imbalance, numbness and speech disturbances. Most of the side effects are temporary and usually occur due to underlying brain swelling which resolves within a matter of days, but some of the side effects can be permanent and this can occur in up to 10% of patients undergoing the procedure.
Getting here
The Walton Centre - Main Hospital Building

This building hosts many of our in-patient services, including wards and theatres, and some outpatients services.
Address
Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7LJ
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Referral information
You should speak to your GP or your neurologist if you feel you may benefit from this treatment so that a referral can be undertaken, if appropriate. The Walton centre has been commissioned to be the second national centre to deliver the treatment for patients from North of England. Referrals for a neurological assessment for tcMRgFUS can be made to the Movement Disorder Team for Essential Tremor via wcnnreferrals@nhs.net
Patient leaflets
Essential tremor - Ultrasound thalamotomy Consultants
Mr J. Osman-Farah, Consultant Functional Neurosurgeon
Dr J. Panicker, Consultant Neurologist
Dr A. Macerollo, Consultant Neurologist
Dr D. Damodaran, Consultant Neurologist
Dr. M Bonello, Consultant Neurologist
Essential Tremor Priority Setting Partnership
Co-led by Dr Macerollo from The Walton Centre and Professor Ray from the Manchester Metropolitan University, this is an exciting initiative aimed at shaping the future of essential tremor research and care. The Priority Setting Partnership will be facilitated by the James Lind Alliance, a non-profit that helps patients, carers, and healthcare professionals to identify the most important unanswered questions for research.
This Priority Setting Partnership, funded by Manchester Metropolitan University, is steered by a committee of people who live with essential tremor from diverse backgrounds, charities such as the National Tremor Foundation, neurologists, surgeons, GPs, and healthcare practitioners from across the UK.
This is a collaborative process that seeks insights from patients, carers, and health care professionals to identify and prioritise unanswered questions about a specific health condition. The aims of the essential tremor Priority Setting Partnership are to:
- Identify gaps in current knowledge and understanding of essential tremor
- Highlight the most pressing unanswered questions about the condition’s impact and treatment
- Ensure the priorities of those living with essential tremor and the healthcare professionals who look after patients with essential tremor are reflected in future research agendas
For more information or to get involved, please visit https://tcnu.mmu.ac.uk/psp/, or contact the team via email (Dr Sarah Martin: s.martin@mmu.ac.uk).
Related Services
Neurology
The Neurology service provides specialist care to patients across Cheshire, Merseyside, North Wales and the Isle of Man.
Neurosurgery
The Neurosurgical Division is one of the busiest neurosurgical units in the UK, seeing approximately 9,800 new patients, 3,800 elective patients, and 1,700 emergency inpatients every year.
Page last updated: 26 April 2022
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