New tool helps predict which brain tumours will require treatment
A new study has shown that a clinical tool developed by the University of Liverpool and The Walton Centre can accurately predict whether the most common type of brain tumour will grow or cause symptoms, helping doctors and patients make better-informed decisions about care.
Meningiomas, which account for around 3,500 new cases in the UK each year, are often discovered by chance during brain scans. While most never cause harm, some eventually require surgery or other treatment. Until now, it has been difficult to know which patients will be affected, leading to years of unnecessary monitoring for some and delayed treatment for others.
Researchers developed the IMPACT tool in 2019 based on data from around 400 patients under neurosurgical care at The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust in Liverpool. The tool considers the patient’s comorbidities, functional status and imaging characteristics of the tumour, to work out the risk of tumour progression, and need for treatment. The tool has now been tested on more than 1,200 patients from 33 hospitals across 15 countries, with follow-up periods of up to 15 years. The results showed that patients could be reliably grouped into low, medium, or high risk of tumour progression.
Low-risk patients were found to have only a one in twenty-five chance of needing treatment, while the risk was one in four for medium-risk patients and one in two for those in the high-risk group. Most progression was seen within the first five years, while older or frailer patients were found to be very unlikely ever to require treatment.
Study lead, Consultant Neurosurgeon at The Walton Centre and Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Liverpool, Michael Jenkinson said: “It’s important that now we test the IMPACT tool in real-time with patients in clinics, with funding being sought to bring it into routine practice. The ability to offer personalised care will bring not only health benefits to patients but also cost savings to the NHS and wider economic growth.”
The findings suggest that high-risk patients may benefit from early intervention, medium-risk patients should continue regular monitoring, and many low-risk patients could be safely discharged with advice on what symptoms to look out for.
Dr Abdurrahman Islim, study co-lead, former Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool and currently a Neurosurgery Registrar and PhD Fellow, University of Manchester & Salford Royal Hospital (part of Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust), said: “This study is an important step forward in personalising care for people with meningiomas. For the first time, we can give patients with an incidental meningioma clear answers about their individual risk, helping avoid unnecessary scans for some, while ensuring that others get timely treatment.”
The paper, ‘A Clinical Tool to Identify Incidental Meningioma for Early Outpatient Management’, was published in JAMA Oncology (DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4821).
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Notes to editors
Further information, or to arrange an interview, please contact the Communications Team at The Walton Centre on 0151 556 3397 or wcft.communications@nhs.net
The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust is the only hospital trust in the UK specialising in neurology, neurosurgery and pain services. Although the majority of patients come from Merseyside, Cheshire, North Wales, Lancashire and the Isle of Man, for some specialist treatments of complex disorders we see patients from all parts of the country, referred by their GPs or other neurologists, neurosurgeons and pain clinicians.
The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust was rated as ‘Outstanding’ by the Care Quality Commission. The independent regulator of all health and social care services in England published its rating on Friday 21 October 2016, following announced and unannounced inspection visits to the Trust in April 2016.
For more information please visit: www.thewaltoncentre.nhs.uk or follow the Trust on Twitter, Facebook or Instagram.
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About the University of Liverpool
Founded in 1881 as the original ‘red brick’, the University of Liverpool is one of the UK’s leading research-intensive higher education institutions with an annual turnover of £708.3 million, including an annual research income of £163.1 million.
Now ranked in the top 150 universities worldwide (QS World Rankings 2026 and Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2026 ), we are a member of the prestigious Russell Group of the UK’s leading research universities and have a global reach and influence that reflects our academic heritage as one of the country’s largest civic institutions.
The latest UK rankings of circa 130 institutions have placed the University of Liverpool at 18th (Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2025), 22nd (2026 Guardian University Guide), 25th (Daily Mail University Guide 2025) and 23rd (2026 Complete University Guide) nationally.
Songwriter and guitarist Sam Leonard, also from Connah’s Quay, said: “After speaking with Dan’s family, we wanted to do something to help The Walton Centre for the amazing care they gave him. He wouldn’t be here with us this Christmas without them.
The Acute Occupational Therapy service strives to ensure that treatment at The Walton Centre means quality of life and extends beyond meeting a patient’s immediate medical and surgical needs. The team comprises of therapists and therapy assistants which provides specialist support across the Acute wards. We care for patients with cancer, spinal injuries, vascular conditions, neurological conditions and traumatic brain injuries. We deliver holistic assessments and expert discharge planning to help patients regain independence and establish safe, effective pathways out of hospital, to support the best recovery for our patients as well can.
Our Occupational Therapy team works across the Hyperacute and Complex Rehabilitation Units, supporting inpatients with highly complex presentations - from PDOC and specialist seating to wide-ranging cognitive changes. These presentations are life changing and mean long hospital stays, we are passionate about making every day meaningful. We run engaging groups and adapt therapy creatively, offering experiences like animal therapy, visits from the Liverpool Philharmonic, and collaborations with an art resistant (with thanks to The Walton Centre Charity). Working closely with families and the wider MDT, we strive to enrich lives, promote recovery, and support everyone’s unique journey.
Occupational Therapists in the Community Specialist Rehabilitation Teams use an interdisciplinary approach to work towards an individual's personalised goals in their own homes and communities.
We are Occupational Therapists specialising in Vocational Rehabilitation (VR). We are based in the Community Specialist Rehabilitation Services working as part of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT).
We are a small team of 3-4 OT’s working in outpatients. We work with a vast range of neurology patients with conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Motor Neurone Disease, and varying neuromuscular conditions. We tend to utilise a behaviour change approach within our clinics, empowering individuals to understand their condition and adjust their routines to facilitate them to engage in occupations of self-care, productivity and leisure.
One half of the Brain Tumour Therapy Coordinator team is an OT by background – this brings skills in holistic assessment including the ability to assess and manage cognitive and psychological difficulties caused by a brain tumour, or the effects of the treatment used to treat the tumour. We can promote optimisation through the patient pathway including in the last weeks and months of life, to maximise quality of life and ability to live life with as much meaning as possible.
Head Injury Advanced Practitioner (ACP) is a specialised healthcare professional who plays a crucial role in assessing, diagnosing, and managing patients following traumatic brain injury.
Two of our rehabilitation coordinators are OTs, bringing specialist expertise in coordinating complex, patient-centred rehabilitation pathways.